Oh, but that's exactly what you're trying to do.
Why do you ask on mel board if you're writting a plugin. There's the api section for that?
How do you actually plan to create the surface once the radii are set? Loft? Sweep? Extrude?
But if you insist; to store the data with curveShape node use array attribute:
CODE
addAttr -ln radius -dt doubleArray curveShape1;
setAttr curveShape1.radius -type doubleArray 4 0 1 3 2;
and to retrieve it:
CODE
getAttr curveShape1.radius;
Or with multi attribute which could be a tiny bit more convenient for gui user
CODE
addAttr -ln radius -m curveShape1;
setAttr curveShape1.radius[ 0:3 ] 0 1 3 2;
getAttr curveShape1.radius[ 0:3 ];