Ok the problem in maya (and POLYGON BOOLEANS) is this:
Maya assumes the user knows what hes doing, this includes cheeking for the boolean sanity. However boolean is a operation that works like reality does. Polygons don't really work like real world does.
Now the polygon boolean works if you can satisfy the condition of trueness, and right ordering of data. For example max power booleans does those check before they proceed to boolean and force trueness on the object before going to next step. However its a bit questionable, it works off course but the problem is this:
If i allow the boolean function to arbitrarily fix the geometry at hand, is ist then the geometry i wanted to operate on? If so the user atleast minimum needs to indicate so. The problem is not so much that you cant do a solid check its that its impossible to ensure its the right one, you can guess. (guesses are cool as long as they work but when they dont...)
Now default maya backup for a unworking connection is no output + warning. This is becase the computer cant KNOW what to do with the data. Now the geometries didn't disappear, they just aren't shown to you anymore because the boolean should be there instead. Its like a html page that has a unknown item its just skipped or a warning is shown is its defined as strict html conformance (exact same kind of situation wiahc is also why XML is ALLWAYS STRICT).
But the boolean will allways work if you satisfy the border conditions of whats true, and have a maya native vertex order (this is easy to fix, and only applies very sporadically to maya objects but mostly to imported ones).
All this said theres a bigger question at stake tough, than getting the boolean to work! And that is what the hell does the boolean produce? I mena a polygon surface is something that looks like something but does not REPRESENT it. Now if we boolean accurately 2 things that Are not what they seem we get something that is even more not what it seems and probably don't seem that way eitrher.
PS will write the faq tonight. But really it should be a article since i will need pictures.