There are many ways to fracture models...there are many fracture scripts out there and PDI has a fracturing tool that works pretty well. Most are procedural and you may want to model the main fractures yourself if you need specific fracture placement and control.
Use displacement mapping to minimize sharpness of the fractured geo.
Be very wary of Maya's native solver, but I think that DMM in Maya 2012 is almost up to the task (for simple things). I often use nCloth solver for my rigid sims. Also take a look at DMM if you are not a script/plugin kinda fellow.
You can use instanced particles for the smaller debris pretty effectively and then cover it all up with additional particles and or fluid "dust/dirt" elements.
Hope this helps.