Try making sure your meshes are very similar. The cloth is reacting to the vertices, so if they aren't similar, it doesn't know where to go, also try inreasing sampling and make sure solver scale is pristine. I hate to say it but if your character is one single mesh, you;re gonna have trouble, areas between arm and torso,etc. cloth is trying to keep itself at the offset distance between the two. If you can seperate and establish collision priorities it'll help. Read up on static and dynamic fiction in properties, these don't always need to be so high. I don't like to use velocity cutoffs as it turns the cloth too stiff, cloth seems to react to an initial collision well, but the subsequent, secondary motion moving back into place doesn't do well. Do a search on cloth, there's a lot of tips on how to get past this problem. Animating bend and stretch resistance values in properties sometimes helps. Lower values to nill when you want things to go back into place. Also remember thickness values are based on a default solver scale of 1. If your scale is higher you need to adjust these values accordingly. I think the most important thing however is your character's setup, it's all about the collision objects. It's not really that your character is moving slowly that's causing the problem, it's that it's trying to figure out where to go after it's been thrown in a certain direction. Being thrown is a piece of cake for the cloth, but coming back, with all the conflicting collision info.....Experiment, truncate the cache right before the problem, change the depth, or the offset, turn on a gravity constraint moving in the direction you want it to go, make a mesh constraint on the vertice that's popping, turn the constraint on,update cloth state, and resolve, turn the constraint back off to continue fluid movement, if it gives you trouble on the next frame, go back, trunate, turn the constraint on, update, resolve, just get through it, or hell, make your character's mesh collision priority 2 and put another collision object in there with priority one right where the popping happens, then remove it, whatever you have to do to get past the popping problems but keeping the cloth nice and fluid at the same time. Oh and there's always sculpt poly tools. I only recommend if you've established a complete solve though. Go back, if the vertice is popping out, set a low push value .5 or so, push it in, update, move on, gotta really watch close to make it follow though. And there's always the new cloth plug-in, which sounds fantastic, syflex I think. Good luck!
-Jo